The arthrosis of the knee joint (gonarthrosis, osteoarthosis) is the deformation and destruction of cartilage, accompanied by pain.This condition can lead to loss of functionality and even disability.The disease is more often affected by women over 40, especially to completeness.At a youth, arthrosis occurs due to sports or hard physical injuries.The disease can be one or two -sided if it affects both legs.The pathology should be treated comprehensively.
Causes of development
There are two forms of arthrosis of the knee joint, depending on the causes of the disease:
- primary;
- Secondary.
The primary form develops in childhood and is related to the incorrect formation of ligaments or joints, which are still deformed during physical activity.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| Reasons | Description |
| Injuries | Damage to fractures, dislocations, meniscus.These factors contribute to the development of arthrosis at a young age.In the presence of injuries, the bow and bow of the limb becomes impossible.The treatment consists of temporary fixing of the foot, which worsens the blood circulation process.This will be the reason for the development of arthrosis.When the meniscus is removed, diseases develop in 9 of 10 cases |
| Increased load | They must meet the age of a person.With excessive loads, microtrauma and stretching are done, which do not always feel but cause significant damage to the condition of the joints.During the sport, all movements must be smooth.Knee joints are most amazed during running and squatting |
| Overweight | This factor causes meniscus damage.In full people, the knee joint is restored for a longer period of time as the excessive weight supplementary load is exactly on the knee.A severe form of arthrosis due to obesity arises with varicos |
| The weakness of the ligament | This condition is most often combined with so -called mobile joints.In this case, a person has a flexible body and can sit on the twine without warm -off, which leads to microtrauma and then to the arthrosis if there is more damage.Joint mobility can also be associated with impaired foot sensitivity, so one does not feel pain in injuries |
| Articular diseases | Arthrosis often occurs in the presence of arthritis (reaction -friendly or psoriatic).In this case, the accumulation of synovial fluid occurs in the joint cavity, leading to the destruction of tissue and arthrosis. |
| A violation of metabolic processes | If tissue disorders occur, do not receive the necessary minerals and substances.Calcium deficiency negatively affects the condition of the cartilage.This condition also leads to salt deposit |
| Tension | In the case |
The disease can occur on a side (on the right or left) or in a bilateral form:
- The cause of the injury to unilateral arthrosis;
- Obesity - bilateral.
Symptoms
Symptoms of arthrosis of the knee joint differ depending on the stage of the disease.The classic order of their occurrence is described in the table:
| Symptom | Description |
| Avoid and click on the joints | This symptom often remains unnoticed, although crunching indicates the beginning of the process.To determine your presence, you should place your hand on the knee cup and slowly bow and cut your knees.Crunching or clicks feel quite light |
| Pain | At the beginning of degenerative changes, it is almost notable and increased after static loads (weight lifting).On the contrary, the dynamic load improves cartilage nutrition.The pain is related to the exposure of nerve endings when the cartilage tissue is wiped.As the disease progresses, the pain increases as the inflammatory process and edema have occurred.The formation of pronounced inflammation is a sign of pain that even appears at rest |
| Drivers station | This condition usually occurs after night sleep and lasts 30-60 minutes.The fibrin foil is mechanically prevented mechanically in the inaction of the joint and after sleeping until it is partially deleted.The stiffness of movements that hold more than one hour, indicate another disease |
| To reduce the amplitude of movements | It shows yourself that it is impossible to bow your legs in your knees.The patient who strives to minimize the pain tries to move his leg less.Ligaments are adjusted to a small amount of movement over time and shorten |
| An increase in joint volume | This is due |
| Joint | In this case, the joint is blocked in a certain position and causes pain with any displacement.This occurs due to changes in the joint surface, in which the inner ligaments go beyond the natural edges of the bones, which leads to stretching.The joint is secured in a particular position and can only return to the initial position with the reverse ligament of the Leagmentum.In rare cases, due |
| Dislocation and subluxation | These conditions are found in advanced arthrosis.Dislocation shifts the axis of the legs to the side and the joint inserts is quite difficult.Subluxation involves a partial displacement of the joint surface relative to the normal position.In this case, the pain is pronounced but the lower leg deviation towards the mild |
The degree and type of illness
There is a 3 degree disease that depends on the severity of the symptoms.
First
Degree arthrosis is almost asymptomatic.In this case, these are characterized by:
- fatigue in the legs;
- a little pain after the cargo that passes through rest;
- A slight decrease in mobility after sleep;
- Rarely - the accumulation of synovial fluid leading to a baker cyst;
Externally, joint deformation is not noticeable.The X -rails are either not visible, or small irregularities on the surface of the cartilage and the bone.Further tests are needed without failure.
The second
The symptoms in this case are more prominent:
- The pain comes from the minimum load, but disappears after rest;
- There is a crunch during movement;
- It becomes impossible to bow to the leg;
- The bones of a common change;
- Synovitis progresses;
- It is a shape of joint changes that involves the accumulation of fluid.
In X -Gray, bone growth is noticeable.
The third
Typical characteristics are the following in terms of arthrosis 3:
- pain that is not connected to the load (the joint is disturbed even at night);
- completely disturbed mobility;
- The joint sensitivity to weather conditions.
It shows changes in X -rays in the cartilage and surface of the joint.The curvature of the legs leads to disability.
The deforming joint (DOA) is caused by the deposition of bones.Most often, overweight women suffer from them.The main symptoms are acute pain and joint crisis.Treatment should also be started in the initial stages - in this case the chances of cartilage tissue are quite high.
Depending on localization, arthrosis can be:
- knee;
- hip (coksartrosis);
- cervical;
- shoulder;
- Lotar;
- ankle;
- vertebrates.
Comprehensive treatment
The therapy of this disease is quite long.In medicine, there are three main stages of treatment depending on the degree of disease:
| The arthritis | Therapeutic measures |
| 1. |
|
| 2. |
|
| 3. |
|
Drugs
Medication is based on 3 groups of drugs:
- No -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs.
- Glucocorticosteroids.
- Chondroprotectors.
Nsaid
It is a group of drugs that have anti -inflammatory, antipiretic and analgesic effects.They are divided into two groups:
- Not elegant.The anti -inflammatory effect of the drug is manifested on all tissues of the body, including healthy.
- Selective.Act directly in the focus of inflammation.
The most common side effects of these drugs are the formation of ulcers and the erosion of the stomach and 12-lapel intestinal.In addition, it is recommended to buy funds to protect the mucosa.However, local NSAIDs do not provoke such negative consequences and can be used for a long time.
Intramuscular injections are prescribed with NSAIDs to achieve rapid pain relief and anti -inflammatory effects.
Glucocorticosteroids
These drugs are prescribed if the effects of NSAIDs are not sufficient.
The hormonal compounds of arthrosis are only used in the form of local - ointment or intraarticular injections.Ointments with glucocorticosteroids cannot be used for more than 7-10 days.The longer course at the site of application leads to the skin atrophy.
Intra -articular injections are required if the painkillers and the painkillers from NSAIDs and the hormone ointments are not enough.
The effect of injections in the joint occurs quite quickly: the patient feels relief in the first half hour.The duration of the injection depends on how long the drug will be in the common cavity.This is influenced by two factors - the amount of medicine administered and its consumption.The stronger the cartilage damage, the more they consume the medicine.
Chondropotectors
The mechanism of action of this group of drugs is based on the transport of materials needed to restore the articular cartilage.During treatment with chondroprotectors:
- No anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect;
- The therapeutic effect occurs gradually;
- It turned out that prevention is due to preventing further destruction of the cartilage.
These drugs contain substances that form the cartilage of the joint:
- the construction of the cartilage necessary to maintain its structure;
- The basis for the production of intraarticular fluid.
You should take drugs for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy for arthrosis is a method of physical influence that has a beneficial effect on the condition of the knee joint.The main prerequisite for achieving a positive result is the correct choice of necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is only a tool.
The table describes the procedures used for arthrosis of the knee joint:
| Name | Effect | Duration of treatment |
| By using electrophoresis drugs | Direct electricity causes some drugs to be delivered to the deep tissue of the joint.Anesthesia and chlorine drugs are most often prescribed | Half an hour a day for 2 weeks |
| Ultraponophoresis | Using ultraviolet waves, the active materials of the drugs penetrate deep into the tissue.Hormonal, anti -inflammatory and analgesics are used together | Up to 10 minutes a day for 10-14 days |
| Laser radiation | Due | 7-10 minutes a day for 2 weeks |
| Infrared radiation | Deep heating of the tissues occurs which result in materials that trigger restorative reactions in the joint | 10 minutes.The course of treatment - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetic therapy | As a result of high -frequency magnetic field, changes in cells and tissues occur - membranes reinforced, metabolism processes normalize | One joint - 5-8 minutes for 7 days |
| Local cryotherapy | Low temperatures (cold air flow is -30 degrees) increases the functions of all basic systems that stimulate tissue recovery | 10 minutes per joint for 10 days |
Some methods, when inadequate appointment, may exacerbate the condition of the knee joint.
Surgical intervention
The medical treatment method is aimed at maximum delay at the moment when treatment is the only way to replace the patient's joint and artificial replacement.Most often, such a decision is made in the final stage of arthrosis.
The main methods of surgical intervention are:
- Arthroscopy.A special needle is introduced through the puncture that removes the growth of pain causing bones, as well as the cartilage and fragments.
- Prosthetics.In this case, the damaged joint is removed and replaced by an artificial.Modern prostheses are rarely rejected by the body.
Practice therapy
A series of osteoarthritis exercises help to restore and strengthen joint function.These should be done slowly to prevent the tapes from submitting.
Description:
- Lying on the stomach, slowly lift the legs alternately until a right heel forms.The main emphasis is the emphasis on hip muscles and lower legs.Rear stress should not be allowed.
- Lying on the stomach, lift the straight legs as much as possible.In this situation, alternately reduce and cultivate them.This exercise is not suitable for everyone, as the trained muscles of the press are needed.It is not recommended to perform people with high blood pressure.
- Bend the leg below on its side.Raise the upper leg and hold the top point for a few seconds.
- Climb up to the sock, holding the back of the chair.Leave on top while stretching the muscles of the legs.
- Move one leg from the heel to the toe smoothly.The other leg is the opposite operation - from the toe to the heel.
- Rinse the back of the chair and stand around the corner, lift the socks, gradually increase the time.
- Standing, rub your feet from your knees to the thigh with energy.
Diet
There is no separate diet for arthrosis.The purpose of energy correction is to reduce body weight, reduce the inflammatory process and strengthen joint structures.
The diet should be balanced with high vitamins and minerals.
Basic principles:
- Restriction of salt consumption (5-8 g daily) and any salted product (canned, chips, salting).
- Exclusion of fried foods.We recommend that you cook food, cook, cook or make steam.
- Increase in fluid consumption (2-2.5 liters of water daily).
- Transition for fractionated nutrition.
- Daily use of 2-3 fruits.
We recommend the following foods:
- fish and seafood;
- walnut;
- sunflower, olives and linseed oil;
- Low greasy meat and chicken;
- fresh berries and fruits;
- vegetables - beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- whole grain bread;
- Milk and dairy products.
Folk methods
Before using any folk medicine, it is recommended to clarify the diagnosis and consult your doctor.The most effective recipes are included in the table:
| Ingredients | Application method |
| Nettle leaves and juniper berries in equal amounts, honey in a 1: 3 ratio |
|
| Branches of roots, flowers or black boda |
|
| Bay leaf - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Dry mustard and honey (2 tbsp), eggs |
|
| Cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, calendula, equal amount of tassel, petroleum jelly |
|
The knee joint arthrosis is a serious disease that cannot be completely cured.If the first symptoms occur, it is advisable to consult a doctor and follow all your recommendations in order not to bring the disease to the final stage.